From the American College Dictionary

scale2 n. Abbr. sc.

1. a. A system of ordered marks at fixed intervals used as a reference standard in measurement: a ruler with scales in inches and centimeters. b. An instrument or device bearing such marks. c. A standard of measurement or judgment; a criterion.
2. a. A proportion used in determining the dimensional relationship of a representation to that which it represents: a world map with a scale of 1:4,560,000. b. A calibrated line, as on a map or an architectural plan, indicating such a proportion. c. Proper proportion: a house that seemed out of scale with its surroundings.
3. A progressive classification, as of size, amount, importance, or rank: judging divers' performances on a scale of 1 to 10; a family that ranks high on the social scale.
4. A relative level or degree: entertained on a lavish scale.
5. A minimum wage fixed by contract: musicians playing a benefit concert for scale.
6. Mathematics. A system of notation in which the values of numerical expressions are determined by their places relative to the chosen base of the system: the decimal scale.
7. Music. An ascending or descending series of tones proceeding by a specified scheme of intervals and varying in pitch arrangement and interval size.

-scale2 v. scaled, scaling, scales.

-tr.

1. To climb up or over; ascend: scaled the peak.
2. To make in accord with a particular proportion or scale: Scale the model to be one tenth of actual size.
3. To alter according to a standard or by degrees; adjust in calculated amounts: scaled down their demands to fit reality; scaled back the scheduled pay increase.
4. To estimate or measure the quantity of lumber in (logs or uncut trees).

-intr.

1. To climb; ascend.
2. To rise in steps or stages. [Middle English, from Latin scElae, ladder. See skand- below.] -scalable adj.

   scale3 (skEl) n.

   1. An instrument or a machine for weighing. Often used in the plural.
   2. Either of the pans, trays, or dishes of a balance.

   -scale3 v. scaled, scaling, scales.

   -tr.

   1. To weigh with scales.

   -intr.

   To have a given weight, as determined by a scale: cargo that scales 14 metric tons. [Middle English, bowl, balance, from Old Norse skEl. See skel-1 below.]

   skand-. Important derivatives are: scan, scansion, ascend, descend, transcend, scandal, scale2.
   skand-. Also skend-. To leap, climb.

   1. SCAN, SCANDENT, SCANSION, SCANSORIAL; ASCEND, (CONDESCEND), DESCEND, TRANSCEND, from Latin scandere, to climb.
   2. Suffixed form *skand-alo-. SCANDAL, from Greek skandalon, a snare, trap, stumbling block.
   3. Suffixed form *skand-slE-. ECHELON, ESCALADE, SCALE2, from Latin scElae, steps, ladder.

   skel-1. Important derivatives are: shell, shale, scale1, scalp, shield, skill, cutlass, shelf, half, scalpel, sculpture.
   skel-1. Also kel-. To cut.
   

   1. a. SHELL, from Old English scell, sciel, shell; b. SCAGLIOLA, from Italian scaglia, chip. Both a and b from Germanic *skaljÅ, piece cut off, shell, scale.
   2. a. SHALE, from Old English sc(e)alu, husk, shell; b. SCALE1, from Old French escale, husk, shell. Both a and b from Germanic *skalÅ.
   3. a. SCALL, from Old Norse skalli, bald head (< "closely shaved skull"); b. SCALP, from Middle English scalp, top of the head, from a source akin to Old Norse skalpr, sheath, shell. Both a and b from Germanic *skal-.
   4. SCALE3, SKOAL, from Old Norse skEl, bowl, drinking vessel (made from a shell), from Germanic *skTlÅ.
   5. SHIELD, from Old English scield, shield (< "board"), from Germanic *skelduz.
   6. a. SKILL, from Old Norse skil, reason, discernment, knowledge (< "incisiveness"); b. SHELDRAKE, from Middle English scheld, variegated, from a Low German source akin to Middle Dutch schillen, to diversify, with past participle schillede, separated, variegated. Both a and b from Germanic *skeli-.
   7. SCHOOL2, SHOAL2, from Middle Low German schÅle, troop, or Middle Dutch scÅle, both from Germanic *skulÅ, a division.
   8. Suffixed variant form *kel-tro-. COULTER, CULTRATE, CUTLASS, from Latin culter, knife.
   9. Suffixed zero-grade form *skΣ-yo-. SCALENE, from Greek skallein, to stir up, hoe (> skalenos, uneven).
   10. Extended root *skelp-. a. SHELF, from Middle Low German schelf, shelf (< "split piece of wood"), from Germanic *skelf-; b. HALF, from Old English healf, half, from Germanic *halbaz (< variant root *kelp-), divided possibly from skel-1; c. perhaps variant *skalp-. SCALPEL, SCULPTURE, from Latin scalpere, to cut, scrape, with derivative sculpere (originally as the combining form of scalpere), to carve [Pokorny 1. (s)kel- 923.]

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